Intshayelelo
ISebe lezoShishino noLwazi laseTshayina (i-MIIT) kutshanje likhuphe umgangatho we-GB38031-2025, obizwa ngokuba "ngumyalelo ongqongqo wokhuseleko lwebhetri," oyalela ukuba zonke izithuthi zamandla amatsha (ii-NEV) mazifikelele "kumlilo, kungabikho kuqhuma" phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngoJulayi 1, 2026126. Lo mthetho ubalulekileyo uphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo kushishino, ubeka phambili ukhuseleko njengemfuneko engenakuphikiswana ngayo. Apha, sihlola iimfuno zobugcisa eziguqukayo zeebhetri kunye nophuhliso oluhambelanayo kwiiNkqubo zoLawulo lweeBhetri (ii-BMS) ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni.
1. Imigangatho yoKhuseleko ePhakamileyo yeebhetri ze-NEV
Umgangatho we-GB38031-2025 uzisa iindlela eziqinileyo zokulinganisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri:
- Ukuthintela Ukubaleka Kwebhetri: Iibhetri kufuneka zinyamezele iimeko ezinzima, kubandakanya ukungena kwezipikili, ukutshaja kakhulu, kunye nokuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu, ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo okanye ukuqhuma ubuncinane imizuzu engama-60. Oku kususa ingcamango yangaphambili "yexesha lokubaleka", efuna ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi kulo lonke ixesha lobomi bebhetri.
- Uqilima oluphuculweyo lweSakhiwo: Uvavanyo olutsha, olufana nokumelana nefuthe elingaphantsi (ukulinganisa ukungqubana kwenkunkuma yendlela) kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko emva kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, luqinisekisa ukuqina kwiimeko zokwenyani26.
- Ukuphuculwa koBuninzi beZinto kunye noBuninzi baMandla: Lo mgangatho unyanzelisa ubuncinci bobunzima bamandla obuyi-125 Wh/kg kwiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nto leyo ekhuthaza abavelisi ukuba bamkele izixhobo eziphambili ezifana nee-nano-insulation layers kunye neengubo ze-ceramic16.
Ezi mfuno ziya kukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwabavelisi abakumgangatho ophantsi ngelixa zidibanisa ulawulo lweenkokheli zoshishino ezifana neCATL kunye neBYD, apho ubuchwepheshe bazo (umz. iCATL's CTP 3.0 kunye neBYD's Blade Battery) sele zihambelana nemigaqo emitsha26.
2. Uphuhliso lwe-BMS: Ukusuka ekuBekeni esweni ukuya kuKhuseleko oluSebenzayo
Njenge "ngqondo" yeenkqubo zebhetri, i-BMS kufuneka iguquke ukuze ihlangabezane nemiyalelo ye-GB38031-2025. Iindlela eziphambili ziquka:
a. Isiqinisekiso soKhuseleko oluPhezulu lweMisebenzi
I-BMS kufuneka ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuthembeka kokhuseleko lweemoto (ASIL-D phantsi kwe-ISO 26262) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, i-BMS yesizukulwana sesine se-BAIC New Energy, eqinisekiswe yi-ASIL-D ngo-2024, inciphisa amazinga okusilela kwezixhobo nge-90% ngokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye noyilo lokungafuneki3. Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile ekufumaneni iimpazamo kwangethuba kunye nokuthintela ukubaleka kobushushu.
b. Ukuhlanganiswa kweeTekhnoloji zeSensing eziPhambili
Iindlela zokulumkisa kwangethuba zibalulekile. Izinzwa zehydrogen, ezifana nezo zenziwe yiXinmeixin, zibona ukukhutshwa kwegesi (umz., i-H₂) ngexesha lokufudumala kobushushu kwinqanaba lokuqala, zibonelela ngesilumkiso sangethuba ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu engama-400. Ezi sensors ezisekelwe kwi-MEMS, eziqinisekiswe phantsi kwe-AEC-Q100, zibonelela ngobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, zivumela izisombululo zokhuseleko ezingabizi kakhulu nezikumgangatho wepakethi5.
c. I-BMS enikwe amandla yiLifu kunye noLungiselelo oluqhutywa yi-AI
Ukuhlanganiswa kwelifu kuvumela uhlalutyo lwedatha ngexesha langempela kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili. Iinkampani ezifana ne-NXP Semiconductors zisebenzisa amawele edijithali asekelwe kwilifu ukuphucula ii-algorithms, ukuphucula ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwe-state-of-charge (SOC) kunye ne-state-of-health (SOH) nge-12% 7. Olu tshintsho luphucula ulawulo lweenqwelo-moya kwaye luvumela amaqhinga okutshaja ahambelanayo, okwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
d. Utshintsho Olunexabiso Eliphantsi Phakathi Kweendleko Zokuthobela Imithetho Ezinyukayo
Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emitsha kunokunyusa iindleko zenkqubo yebhetri nge-15–20% ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwezinto (umz., ii-electrolytes ezithintela ilangabi) kunye noyilo olutsha lwesakhiwo2. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezintsha ezifana netekhnoloji ye-CTP ye-modular ye-CATL kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu ezilula zinceda ukunciphisa iindleko ngelixa zinyusa uxinano lwamandla68.
3. Iimpembelelo zeShishini eliBanzi
l Ukutshintsha kweTyathanga loNikezelo: Ngaphezulu kwama-30% eenkampani ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi zeebhetri zinokuphuma kwimarike ngenxa yemiqobo yobugcisa neyezemali, ngelixa intsebenziswano phakathi kwabenzi beemoto kunye neenkokheli zobuchwepheshe (umz., i-CATL kunye ne-BYD) iya kukhula ngakumbi12.
l Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo: Uphuhliso lokhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-NEV lusasazeka kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla (i-ESS), apho usetyenziso lwegridi-scale lufuna ukuthembeka okufanayo "okungenamlilo, okungenakuqhuma".
l UbuNkokheli beHlabathi: Imigangatho yaseTshayina ikulungele ukuba nefuthe kwimigangatho yehlabathi, kunye neenkampani ezifana neXinmeixin ezithumela ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen sensor kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe5.
Isiphelo
Umgangatho we-GB38031-2025 umele isigaba sotshintsho kwicandelo le-NEV laseTshayina, apho ukhuseleko kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kudibana khona. Kubavelisi beebhetri, ukusinda kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni ulawulo lobushushu kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo. Kubaphuhlisi be-BMS, ikamva lilele kwiinkqubo ezikrelekrele, eziqhagamshelwe kwilifu ezithintela iingozi endaweni yokusabela kuzo. Njengoko ishishini litshintsha ukusuka "ekukhuleni nangayiphi na indlela" ukuya ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha "zokhuseleko kuqala", iinkampani ezifaka le migaqo kwi-DNA yazo ziya kukhokela ixesha elilandelayo lokuhamba okuzinzileyo.
Hlala ubukele uhlaziyo oluthe kratya malunga nophuhliso lwemithetho kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obubumba ikamva lezithuthi ezintsha zamandla.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-22-2025
