Intshayelelo
UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi lwaseTshayina (MIIT) kutshanje ukhuphe umgangatho we-GB38031-2025, obizwa ngokuba "ngowona myalelo ungqongqo wokhuseleko lwebhetri," ogunyazisa ukuba zonke izithuthi zamandla amatsha (NEVs) kufuneka zifezekise "akukho mlilo, akukho qhushumbo" phantsi kweemeko ezinzima nge-1 kaJulayi 2026126. Lo mthetho ubalulekileyo wolawulo ubeka phambili ukutshintshwa kokhuseleko njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo, ifuna ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kwishishini elibalulekileyo. Apha, siphonononga iimfuno zobugcisa ezikhulayo zeebhetri kunye nokuqhubela phambili okuhambelanayo kwiiNkqubo zoLawulo lweBattery (BMS) ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni.
1. ImiGangatho ePhakamileyo yoKhuseleko yeebhetri zeNEV
Umgangatho we-GB38031-2025 wazisa iibenchmarks ezingqongqo ezichaza ukhuseleko lwebhetri:
- UThintelo lwe-Thermal Runaway: Iibhetri kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezigqithisileyo, kubandakanywa nokungena kwezikhonkwane, ukutshaja ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye nokuvezwa kobushushu obuphezulu, ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo okanye ukuqhuma ubuncinane imizuzu engama-6016. Oku kuphelisa ingcamango yangaphambili "yexesha lokubaleka", efuna ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi kumjikelo wobomi bebhetri.
- Ukomelezwa kweSidima soLwakhiwo: Iimvavanyo ezitsha, ezifana nokuchasana kwempembelelo ephantsi (ukulinganisa ukungqubana kwenkunkuma yendlela) kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko lomjikelo emva kwentlawulo, kuqinisekisa ukomelela kwiimeko zehlabathi zangempela26.
- Ukuphuculwa koxinano lweMathiriyeli kunye namandla: Umgangatho unyanzelisa ubuncinci bamandla obuninzi be-125 Wh/kg kwiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ukutyhala abavelisi ukuba bamkele izinto eziphambili ezifana ne-nano-insulation layers kunye ne-ceramic coatings16.
Ezi mfuno ziyakukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwabavelisi abakumgangatho ophantsi ngelixa behlanganisa ukongamela kweenkokeli zeshishini ezifana ne-CATL kunye ne-BYD, abo ubuchwepheshe babo (umzekelo, i-CATL's CTP 3.0 kunye ne-BYD's Blade Battery) esele ilungelelaniswa nemimiselo emitsha26.
2. I-BMS Evolution: Ukusuka kuHlolo ukuya kwiProactive Safety
Njengoko "ingqondo" yeenkqubo zebhetri, i-BMS kufuneka iguquke ukuze ihlangabezane nezigunyaziso ze-GB38031-2025. Iintsingiselo eziphambili ziquka:
a. Isiqinisekiso soKhuseleko oluPhezulu oluSebenzayo
I-BMS kufuneka ifikelele elona nqanaba liphezulu lengqibelelo yokhuseleko lweemoto (ASIL-D phantsi kwe-ISO 26262) ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi engaphumeleliyo. Umzekelo, i-BAIC yaMandla amatsha yesizukulwana sesine se-BMS, eqinisekisiweyo ye-ASIL-D ngo-2024, inciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli kwe-hardware nge-90% ngokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kunye noyilo lwe-redundancy3. Ezo nkqubo zibalulekile ekubhaqweni kweziphene kwangethuba kunye nokuthintela ukubaleka kobushushu.
b. Ukudityaniswa kobuGcisa beSensing Advanced
Iindlela zokulumkisa kwangethuba zibalulekile. Izinzwa zeHydrojeni, ezinjengezo zaphuhliswa yi-Xinmeixin, zifumanisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi (umzekelo, H₂) ngexesha lokubaleka kwe-thermal kwangethuba, ukubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu engama-400 yesilumkiso kwangethuba. Ezi zinzwa ezisekelwe kwi-MEMS, eziqinisekisiweyo phantsi kwe-AEC-Q100, zinika uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuqina, okwenza kube neendleko ezisebenzayo, izisombululo zokhuseleko lwe-pack-level5.
c. I-BMS eyenziwe ngamafu kunye ne-AI-Driven Optimization
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafu kuvumela uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili. Iinkampani ezifana ne-NXP Semiconductors ziphakamisa amawele edijithali asekelwe kwifu ukuze kuhlanjululwe i-algorithms, ukuphucula i-state-of-charge (SOC) kunye ne-state-of-health (SOH) ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwe-12% 7. Olu tshintsho luphucula ulawulo lwezithuthi kwaye luvumela izicwangciso zokutshaja eziguquguqukayo, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
d. Izinto Ezintsha Ezinexabiso Elisebenzayo Phakathi Kweendleko Zokuthotyelwa Okunyukayo
Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emitsha kunokunyusa iindleko zesistim yebhetri nge-15-20% ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwezinto (umzekelo, i-electrolyte e-flame-retardant) kunye ne-structural redesigns2. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezintsha ezifana netekhnoloji ye-CATL yemodyuli ye-CTP kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwe-thermal ezenziwe lula zinceda ukunciphisa iindleko ngelixa isonyusa ukuxinana kwamandla68.
3. Iimpembelelo zoShishino oluBanzi
l Ukubuyiswa kwakhona kweTyathanga loNikezo: Ngaphezu kwe-30% yeefemu zebhetri ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi zinokuphuma kwimarike ngenxa yemiqobo yobugcisa kunye nezezimali, ngelixa intsebenziswano phakathi kwee-automakers kunye neenkokheli zobuchwepheshe (umzekelo, i-CATL kunye ne-BYD) ziya kunzulu12.
l I-Cross-Industry Synergies: Inkqubela phambili yokhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-NEV zichithakele kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla (ESS), apho izicelo zegridi-scale zifuna okufanayo "akukho mlilo, akukho kuqhuma" ukuthembeka2.
l UbuNkokeli behlabathi: Imigangatho yaseTshayina ikulungele ukuphembelela izithethe zehlabathi, kunye neenkampani ezifana neXinmeixin ezithumela ngaphandle iteknoloji ye-hydrogen sensor kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe5.
Ukuqukumbela
Umgangatho we-GB38031-2025 umele isigaba soguqulo kwicandelo le-NEV laseTshayina, apho ukhuseleko kunye nolutsha ludibana khona. Kubavelisi beebhetri, ukusinda kuxhomekeke ekulawulweni kwe-thermal kunye nesayensi yezinto. Kubaphuhlisi be-BMS, ikamva lilele kwiinkqubo ezikrelekrele, eziqhagamshelwe ngamafu ezikhusela umngcipheko endaweni yokusabela kuzo. Njengoko i-shishini litshintsha ukusuka "ekukhuleni kuzo zonke iindleko" ukuya kwizinto ezintsha "zokhuseleko-kuqala", iinkampani ezifakela le migaqo kwi-DNA yazo ziya kukhokelela kwixesha elizayo lokuhamba okuzinzileyo.
Hlala ubukele uhlaziyo oluthe kratya malunga nophuhliso lolawulo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obubumba ikamva lezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-22-2025
