Ukuze kuphuculwe ubomi kunye nokusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, imikhwa efanelekileyo yokutshaja ibalulekile. Izifundo zamva nje kunye neengcebiso zoshishino zibonisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo okutshaja kwiintlobo ezimbini zebhetri ezisetyenziswa kakhulu: iibhetri zeNickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM okanye ternary lithium) kunye neebhetri zeLithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). Nantsi into ekufuneka abasebenzisi bayiyazi:
Iingcebiso eziphambili
- Iibhetri ze-NCM: hlawulisa ku90% okanye ngaphantsiukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Kuphephe ukuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo (100%) ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko xa uhamba uhambo olude.
- Iibhetri ze-LFP: Ngelixa yonke imihla itshaja ukuya90% okanye ngaphantsiifanelekile,iveki yonke
- intlawuloKufuneka (100%) ukuze kulinganiswe kwakhona uqikelelo lweState of Charge (SOC).
Kutheni Ukuphepha Ukutshaja Okupheleleyo Kweebhetri ze-NCM?
1. Uxinzelelo lweVolthi ephezulu lukhawulezisa ukubola
Iibhetri ze-NCM zisebenza kumda ophezulu we-voltage xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-LFP. Ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo ezi bhetri kuzibeka kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-voltage, oku kukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kwi-cathode. Le nkqubo ingenakuguqulwa ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni komthamo kwaye inciphisa ubomi bebhetri iyonke.
2. Iingozi zokungalingani kweeseli
Iipakethi zeebhetri ziqulathe iiseli ezininzi ezinokungahambelani okubangelwa kukwahluka kwemveliso kunye nokungafani kweekhemikhali. Xa zitshaja ukuya kwi-100%, iiseli ezithile zinokutshaja kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo kunye nokuwohloka kwendawo. Ngelixa iiNkqubo zoLawulo lweeBhetri (i-BMS) zisebenza ngokulinganisela ii-voltage zeeseli, neenkqubo eziphambili ezivela kwiimpawu eziphambili ezifana neTesla kunye ne-BYD azinakuyisusa ngokupheleleyo le ngozi.
3. Imingeni yoQikelelo lwe-SOC
Iibhetri ze-NCM zibonisa i-voltage curve ethe kratya, nto leyo evumela uqikelelo lwe-SOC oluchanekileyo ngendlela ye-open-circuit voltage (OCV). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iibhetri ze-LFP zigcina i-voltage curve ephantse ibe tyaba phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-95% ye-SOC, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukufundwa kwe-SOC okusekelwe kwi-OCV kungathembeki. Ngaphandle kokutshaja ngokupheleleyo rhoqo, iibhetri ze-LFP ziyasokola ukulinganisa kwakhona amaxabiso azo e-SOC. Oku kunokunyanzela i-BMS ukuba isebenzise iindlela zokukhusela rhoqo, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nempilo yebhetri yexesha elide.
Kutheni iibhetri ze-LFP zifuna ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo ngeveki
Intlawulo yeveki eyi-100% yeebhetri ze-LFP isebenza "njengokuseta kwakhona" kwi-BMS. Le nkqubo ilinganisa ii-voltage zeseli kwaye ilungisa ukungachaneki kwe-SOC okubangelwa yiprofayili yazo ye-voltage ezinzileyo. Idatha echanekileyo ye-SOC ibalulekile kwi-BMS ukuze yenze amanyathelo okukhusela ngokufanelekileyo, njengokuthintela ukukhupha kakhulu okanye ukwenza ngcono imijikelo yokutshaja. Ukutsiba olu calibration kunokukhokelela ekwaluphaleni kwangethuba okanye ekwehleni kokusebenza okungalindelekanga.
Iindlela Ezilungileyo Zokusebenza Kwabasebenzisi
- Abanini beebhetri ze-NCM: Beka phambili iindleko ezingaphelelanga (≤90%) kwaye ubekele ecaleni iindleko ezipheleleyo kwiimfuno ezithile.
- Abanini beebhetri ze-LFP: Gcina itshaja yemihla ngemihla ingaphantsi kwama-90% kodwa qinisekisa ukuba itshaja yonke iveki.
- Bonke Abasebenzisi: Kuphephe ukukhupha amanzi amaninzi rhoqo kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo ukuze wandise ubomi bebhetri.
Ngokwamkela la maqhinga, abasebenzisi banokuphucula kakhulu ukuqina kwebhetri, banciphise ukuwohloka kwexesha elide, kwaye baqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwezithuthi zombane okanye iinkqubo zokugcina amandla.
Hlala unolwazi ngohlaziyo lwamva nje malunga netekhnoloji yebhetri kunye neendlela zokuzinza ngokubhalisela incwadana yethu yeendaba.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-13-2025
