Ukuvula Amandla Avuselelekayo NgeeTekhnoloji zeBhetri eziPhambili
Njengoko imizamo yehlabathi yokulwa notshintsho lwemozulu isiya isanda, impumelelo kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ivela njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokususwa kwekhabhoni. Ukusuka kwizisombululo zokugcina igridi ukuya kwizithuthi zombane (ii-EV), iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo zichaza ngokutsha uzinzo lwamandla ngelixa zijongana nemingeni ebalulekileyo kwixabiso, ukhuseleko, kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Ukuphumelela kwiChemistry yeBhetri
Uphuhliso lwakutshanje kwiikhemikhali zebhetri ezahlukeneyo lutshintsha imeko:
- Iibhetri ze-Iron-SodiumIbhetri ye-iron-sodium ye-Inlyte Energy ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-90% ukuya nokubuya kwaye igcina amandla ayo ngaphezu kwemijikelo engama-700, inikezela ngokugcinwa okungabizi kakhulu nokuhlala ixesha elide kwamandla elanga nawomoya.
- Iibhetri zeSolid-State: Ngokutshintsha ii-electrolyte zolwelo ezinokutsha ngezinye iindlela eziqinileyo, ezi bhetri zonyusa ukhuseleko kunye noxinano lwamandla. Nangona imiqobo yokukhula isekhona, amandla azo kwi-EVs—ukunyusa uluhlu kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zomlilo—iyatshintsha.
- Iibhetri zeLithium-Sulfur (Li-S): Njengoko ubuninzi bamandla obungaphezulu kakhulu kwe-lithium-ion, iinkqubo ze-Li-S zibonisa ithemba lokugcina iindiza kunye negridi. Uyilo lwe-electrode kunye nokwakheka kwe-electrolyte kujongana nemingeni yembali efana nokuthutha i-polysulfide.
Ukujongana Neengxaki Zokuzinza
Nangona kukho inkqubela phambili, iindleko zokwembiwa kwe-lithium kwindalo zigxininisa iimfuno ezingxamisekileyo zezinye iindlela eziluhlaza:
- Ukukhupha i-lithium yendabuko kudla imithombo yamanzi emininzi (umz., imisebenzi ye-Atacama brine yaseChile) kwaye kukhupha iitoni ezili-15 ze-CO₂ ngetoni nganye ye-lithium.
- Abaphandi baseStanford basandula ukuqala indlela yokukhupha amanzi nge-electrochemical, benciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwawo ngelixa bephucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukwanda Kweendlela Ezininzi Zokusebenzisa Ezinye Izinto
I-sodium kunye ne-potassium ziyanda ukutsalwa njengezinto ezithatha indawo yazo ngokuzinzileyo:
- Iibhetri zeSodium-ion ngoku zikhuphisana neLithium-ion kubuninzi bamandla phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye iPhysics Magazine igxininisa uphuhliso lwazo olukhawulezileyo lwe-EV kunye nokugcinwa kwegridi.
- Iinkqubo ze-potassium-ion zibonelela ngeenzuzo zozinzo, nangona ukuphuculwa koxinano lwamandla kuqhubeka.
Ukwandisa Ubomi Bebhetri Ukuze Kube Noqoqosho Olujikelezayo
Ekubeni iibhetri ze-EV zigcina umthamo wazo ongama-70–80% emva kokusetyenziswa kwemoto, ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokurisayikilisha kubalulekile:
- Izicelo zoBomi beSibini: Iibhetri ze-EV ezithathe umhlala-phantsi zinika amandla okugcina amandla asekhaya okanye orhwebo, nto leyo ethintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweendawo ezivuselelekayo.
- Izinto Ezintsha Zokusebenzisa KabutshaIindlela eziphambili ezifana nokubuyiswa kwe-hydrometallurgical ngoku zikhupha i-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa kuphela yi-~5% yeebhetri ze-lithium eziphinda zisetyenziswe namhlanje, ngaphantsi kakhulu kwe-99% yezinga le-lead-acid.
- Izinto ezibangela umgaqo-nkqubo ezifana nomyalelo we-EU's Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) zibangela ukuba abavelisi bathwale uxanduva lokulawula ukuphela kobomi babo.
Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neNtsebenziswano zikhuthaza inkqubela phambili
Amaphulo ehlabathi jikelele akhawulezisa utshintsho:
- UMthetho we-EU weZinto eziLungileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiRaw uqinisekisa ukuqina kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo ngelixa ukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto.
- Imithetho yeziseko zophuhliso yaseMelika ixhasa uR&D olunzima, nto leyo ekhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi kukarhulumente nabucala.
- Uphando oludibanisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo, olufana nomsebenzi we-MIT wokuguga kwebhetri kunye netekhnoloji yokukhupha inkunkuma yaseStanford, ludibanisa amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kunye noshishino.
Ukuya kwiNkqubo yeNdalo yamandla eZinzileyo
Indlela eya kwi-net-zero ifuna okungaphezulu kokuphuculwa okuncinci. Ngokubeka phambili iikhemistri ezisebenzisa izixhobo kakuhle, amaqhinga okujikeleza ubomi, kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo zinokunika amandla ikamva elicocekileyo—ukulinganisela ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nempilo yeplanethi. Njengoko uClare Grey egxininisile kwintetho yakhe ye-MIT, "Ikamva lokufakelwa kombane lixhomekeke kwiibhetri ezingamandla nje kuphela, kodwa ezizinzileyo kuzo zonke izigaba."
Eli nqaku ligxininisa ukubaluleka okubini: ukwandisa izisombululo zokugcina izinto ezintsha ngelixa kufakwa uzinzo kuyo yonke i-watt-hour eveliswayo.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-19-2025
